binX and fixed thresholds, then draw each bin as a rect from zero to its count, here fuel economy in five mpg steps.cumulative with a sum reducer so each bar counts every athlete at or under its weight.rank to give each car its share of the cars at or below it, drawn as a lineY with a step curve.boxY to draw the quartiles, median, whiskers and outliers of each experiment without summarizing them first.violinY from binned counts scaled to each species' maximum, with a tickY and a dot marking the median of each.ridgelineY, letting overlap push each ridge into the row above it.dot a dodgeY layout to push overlapping points apart, so every car shows along one fuel economy axis.groupBy, then draw the range with link and two tickY caps.facet with columns set to 1 to stack one panel per species on the same body mass and share scales.waffleY a unit of 0.01 to split a hundred cells between the letters, so each cell stands for one percentage point of English text.